中国成年女性能量及宏量营养素摄入与超重肥胖关系的研究

Study on the associations of energy and macronutrients intake with overweight and obesity in Chinese female adults

目的探讨中国成年女性能量及宏量营养素摄入对超重肥胖变化的影响。方法收集"中国居民健康与营养调查(China health and nutrition survey,CHNS)"数据,分析1989-2009年我国成年女性能量及宏量营养素摄入和超重肥胖率的流行特征和变化趋势,利用偏相关和分位数回归法分析能量及宏量营养素摄入变化与女性超重肥胖变化的关系。结果 1989-2009年我国女性超重肥胖率持续上升,与1989年成年女性超重率16.5%和肥胖率1.7%相比,2009年超重肥胖率分别为29.4%和10.4%。同期我国居民能量、碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入量均有下降,但膳食摄入中脂类供能比整体呈上升趋势。偏相关结果表明,脂类摄入增加与我国女性超重肥胖上升呈正相关(r=0.11,P=0.002)。能量,碳水化合物和脂类平均摄入量对低(5%)体质指数(body mass index,BMI)水平的影响有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。结论能量及宏量营养素摄入过多是导致中国成年女性超重肥胖的重要原因之一。

Objective To estimate the relationship between energy,macronutrients intake and overweight,obesity in chines women. Methods Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey（ 1989- 2009）,the changes of Chinese dietary intake and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese adult women in recent years were described. The association between energy,macronutrients intake and overweight and obesity in Chinese female adults was estimated by partial correlation and quantile regression analysis. Results Overweight and obesity among Chinese women had been increased rapidly from 1989 to 2009. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29. 4% and 10. 4% in Chinese females,much higher than that in 1989,which was 16. 5% and 1. 7%,respectively. Daily average intake of total energy, carbohydrates and protein declined in the past 20 years,but the proportion of fat intake among total energy was increasing. The increase of body mass index（ BMI） was positively correlated with average intake of fat（ r = 0. 11,P = 0. 002）. The impact of energy,carbohydrates and fat average intake on low BMI levels（ 5%） was statistically significant. Conclusions Energy and macronutrients excessive intake may be one of the important risk factors of overweight and obesity among female adults in China.