电商物流中“最后一公里”问题研究

Research on the “Last-Mile”Issue in the E-Commerce Logistics System

电子商务物流中"最后一公里"作为唯一直接与最终用户接触的阶段,存在配送成本高、服务质量低等问题,是影响电子商务发展的一个重要因素。文章在深入研究国内外电子商务"最后一公里"配送方案的基础上,对现有成功配送方案的成功原因和适用范围进行了定性分析。从人文、地理、经济和配送需求等方面对电商客户进行了特征提取和聚类分析,划分了客户群体。并以客户群体为导向,构建了一个集公共电子提货柜、人工自助提货和送货上门等多种配送方案的电商物流"最后一公里"综合配送模型,以解决该阶段配送中存在的众多问题。

The ＂Last-Mile＂ in E-Commerce logistics being the unique stage to face client is the bottleneck of E-Commerce development owing to the problems of high cost and low service quality. In order to solve the problems, a qualitative analysis is made on the existing successful solutions and their scopes of application based on a deep research on the existing distribution models at home and abroad. Feature extraction and cluster analysis are made on E-Commerce customers from the aspects of social culture, geographical conditions, economic level and requirements for ＂Last-Mile＂ delivery, on the basis of which, E-Commerce customers are divided into four client groups. A client group oriented ＂Last-Mile＂ delivery model is put forward by integrating the unattended pick- up, attended pick-up and door-to-door delivery service into it. The proposed ＂Last-Mile＂ delivery model can not only meet the delivery requirements from different client groups but also optimize the allocation of resources in domestic E-commerce Logistics, and then lower the costs as much as possible.