内蒙古草原放牧管理制度对牧民生计的影响——基于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟4个嘎查的调查

The Impaction of Grazing System on Herders Livelihood in Grassland Areas ——Based on the Investigation of Four Villages in Xilinguole League in Inner Mongolia

基于对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟4个嘎查(行政村)的调查,系统阐述了内蒙古牧区放牧方式的变迁过程,分析了牧户放牧方式及生计的现状,分别从宏观、微观层面研究放牧制度对牧户生计的影响,尝试以牧民生计为切入点,探求放牧管理制度对草原退化作用的内在机理。根据研究结果认为,从宏观层面来讲,放牧管理制度的设计和制定应考虑不同地区牧户生态和经济条件的差异性、多样性,为牧户放牧方式的改进提供有弹性、相互配套的制度保障;从微观层面来讲,合理的放牧方式一定是在经验观察基础上的、本土化的放牧制度与模式。

Based on the investigation of four villages in Xilinguole League, the change process of graz- ing system in Inner Mongolia Pastoral areas was introduced and the status of grazing system and the liveli- hood of herding households were analyzed, then the impaction of grazing system on the livelihood of herd- ers was studied from the macro-level, micro-level and try to explore the inherent mechanism of grazing sys- tem impacting on grassland degradation. It was suggested that the design of grazing management system should consider the differences and diversity of ecological and economic conditions in different regions and provide an institutional guarantee for herders to improve grazing methods. Reasonable grazing system must be the grazing system and model based on the observation of experience and localization.