北京市大兴区2009—2012年中小学生视力不良状况分析及针灸防治探讨

Analysis on poor sight among primary and middle school students in Daxing District of Beijing from 2009-2012 and study on acupuncture treatment

目的全面系统地了解北京市大兴区中小学生视力不良患病情况,探索其发生和发展规律,为大兴区学生视力不良防治工作提供科学依据。对某小学近视学生用针灸方法治疗,对比其疗效。方法根据2009—2012年大兴区全体中小学生的健康监测资料,对学生视力不良情况进行统计分析。对某小学近视学生用电梅花针和耳穴贴压方法治疗。结果 2009—2012年学生的视力不良检出率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 150.394,P<0.01)。女生明显高于男生,每年的男女生间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为779.601、738.319、541.965、437.279,均P<0.01)。视力不良率随学段的升高而增长,每年的各学段之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6 484.954、7 021.646、7 241.031、7 439.412,均P<0.01)。每年的各年级之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7 577.072、8 119.429、8 726.548、9 098.240;均P<0.01)。对某小学学生近视用针灸方法治疗,疗效与对照组比较有统计学意义(χ2=13.642,P<0.01)。结论视力不良中绝大多数都是近视。近视眼的发病率逐年增高,严重影响了青少年的健康成长,西医尚无有效治疗方法,中医针灸方法疗法明确。建议学校卫生工作者与针灸工作者配合,采用效果明确、操作方法简便易行、无任何不良反应的针灸疗法防治近视,共同努力改善学生的视力状况,降低近视发病率。

[ Objective] To systematically and comprehensively understand the prevalence of poor sight among primary and middle school students in Daxing District of Beijing, explore its occurrence and development rule, provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of poor sight in students in Daxing District. The myopic students in a primary school were given the acupuncture treat- ment, and the curative effect was evaluated. [ Methods] According to the health surveillance data of all primary and middle school students in Daxing District from 2009-2012, the status of poor sight was statistically analyzed. The myopic students in a primary school were treated with electric plum-blossom needles and auricular-plaster therapy. [ Results ] During 2009-2012, the detection rate of poor sight among students was rising gradually, and there was significant difference in the annual detection rate （ ~2 = 1 150. 394,P 〈 0.01 }. The detection rate in girls was significantly higher than that in boys, and the differences in the annu- al detection rate between girls and boys were significant （~2 value was respectively 779. 601,738. 319,541. 965 and 437. 279 ,all P 〈 0.01 }. The detection rate of poor sight increased with the increasing of learning stages, and there were significant differences in annual detection rate between different learning stages （ ~2 value was respectively 6484.954, 7021. 646, 7241. 031 and 7439. 412, all P 〈0.01 }. The differences in the annual detection rate among different grades were significant （x2 value was respectively 7 577. 072, 8 119.429, 8 726. 548 and 9 098. 240, all P 〈 0.01 }. There was significant difference in the curative effect between the acupuncture treatment group and the control group （ x2 = 13. 642 ,P 〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] Most of poor sight cases are the my- opia. The incidence rate of myopic has increased year by year, which seriously affect the healthy growth of teenagers. At present, there is no effective treatment method of western medicine, while the curative effect of acupuncture treatment is definite. The acu- puncture treatment has obvious effect and easy operation, without the adverse reactions, so it is suggested that school health workers should cooperate with acupuncture doctors, take the acupuncture to treat the myopia, to improve the student＇s eyesight condition, and reduce the incidence of myopia.