门诊短期营养宣教对孕妇营养认知的影响

Effect of ambulatory short-term nutritional and health education on the nutritional knowledge cognition of pregnant women

目的了解湖北医药学院附属太和医院孕妇对营养知识的知晓情况及门诊短期营养宣教对孕妇营养认知的影响。方法随机对在该院就诊的孕妇进行营养知识健康宣教,并分别于宣教前后当日及1月后采用同一问卷进行3次营养认知问卷调查,对3次问卷结果比较分析。结果该市孕妇对营养知识的知晓率不高且不全面。营养宣教后当日问卷显示,14项核心内容孕妇仍未完全掌握,除"富含钙的食物"一项外,其余知识点宣教后孕妇知晓率均显著优于宣教前(P<0.05)。宣教后1个月问卷结果显示,孕妇对14项常用营养知识掌握情况优于宣教当日,其中10项与数据记忆相关性较强的知识点孕妇掌握情况均显著优于宣教后当日的问卷结果(P<0.05)。营养宣教前孕妇获取营养知识的最主要途径依次是科普杂志或宣传手册、医护人员、医院宣传栏及网络/电视媒体;宣教后孕妇所选择知识来源途径无变化,但选择比例均高于宣教前,但仅科普杂志或宣传手册和营养师/科2条获知途径宣教前后的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。宣教后关注营养的孕妇(93.03%)明显高于宣教前(73.56%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该市孕妇营养知识认知情况一般,门诊短期健康教育对孕妇自身提高营养知识、培养积极的营养态度及选择正确的营养知识获知途径均具有重要价值,门诊短期健康教育方便可行且可以取得满意效果。

[ Objective ] To understand the awareness of nutrition knowledge among pregnant women in Taihe Hospital of Hubei Uni- versity of Medicine, and the effect of ambulatory short-term nutritional and health education on the nutritional knowledge cognition of pregnant women. [ Methods ] Nutrition knowledge and health education were performed on pregnant women who received treat- ment in this hospital. And 3 nutritional knowledge questionnaire investigations were carried out before the education, after the edu- cation and a month after the education by using the same questionnaire, and the 3 investigation results were comparatively analyzed. [ Results] The nutrition-knowledge awareness rate of the pregnant women in this city was not high and their awareness was not over- all. On the day after the nutrition-knowledge education, the pregnant women didn＇t completely grasp the 14 core contents, except for the item of ＂Foods rich in calcium＂, the awareness rate of pregnant women for other items was significantly better than that be- fore education （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The questionnaire investigation results of a month after the education day showed that the situation a- bout the pregnant women＇ s understanding of the 14 common nutrition-knowledge items was better than that of the education day, the pregnant women＇ s understanding on the 10 knowledge items that closely related to data memory was also significantly better than of the education day （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Before the nutrition-education, the main pathways of the pregnant women to acquire the nutrition- knowledge were ＂brochures on popular science＂, ＂hospital publicity column＂, ＂medical staff＂, and ＂Internet/TV media＂. After the education, the knowledge source and the pathways choice for pregnant women were not changed, but the choosing proportion were higher than that before the education, but only ＂scien6e, brochure＂ and ＂dietitian/science＂ had significant differences before and after the education （ P 〈 0.05 ）. After the education, the proportion of pregnant women that cared for nutrition （ 93.03 ） was obviously more than those before the education （ 73.56% }, with significance （ P 〈 0.05 }. [ Conclusion ] The situation on the nutri- tional knowledge awareness of the pregnant women in this city is not good enough ; the ambulatory short-term nutritional and health education has great value on increasing the nutritional knowledge, developing positive nutritional attitude, and choosing the correct pathways to acquire nutritional knowledge for the pregnant women, the ambulatory short-term nutritional and health education is convenient, feasible and can achieve satisfied effect.