276名海军航空兵飞行员膳食营养调查分析

Dietary nutrition investigation and analysis of 276 naval aviation pilots

目的了解和掌握海军航空兵直升机飞行员目前膳食营养配备情况,为制定新的膳食营养标准提供科学依据。方法对3个海军航空兵部队98名歼击机飞行员和178名武装直升机飞行员进行了膳食营养调查,分析和评价飞行员摄入产能营养素及非产能营养素的情况。结果歼击机飞行员平均每人每日摄入热能:飞行日为4 091.57 kcal,不飞行日为3 750.54 kcal,经统计处理,飞行日摄入热能明显高于非飞行日(t=5.76,P<0.01);直升机飞行员平均每人每日摄入热能:飞行日为3 857.53 kcal,不飞行日为3 710.92 kcal,经统计处理,飞行日摄入热能明显高于不飞行日(t=2.38,P<0.05);三大营养素配分比例蛋白质含量较好,脂肪含量较高,碳水化合物偏低。非产能营养素飞行日明显高于非飞行日,其比例都达到或超过标准,特别是维生素A(t=6.72,P<0.01)及微量元素钙(t=5.52,P<0.01)。结论通过调查发现,海军飞行员摄入产能营养素飞行日明显高于非飞行日,三大营养素配分比例失调,虽蛋白质含量较好,但脂肪偏高,碳水化合物偏低。建议上级有关部门制定新的标准。

Objective To understand and grasp the present dietary nutrition status of naval aviation helicopter pilots so as to provide scientific basis for new dietary nutrition standard formulation.Methods 98 fighter pilots and 178 attack helicopter pilots from 3 naval aviation units were given dietary nutrition investigation, and their intake of calorigenic nutrients and non-calorigenic nutrients was analyzed and evaluated. Results The average daily energy intake of fighter pilots was 4 091.57 kcal on flying days and 3 750.54 kcal on non-flying days which statistically suggested that the energy intake on flying days was clearly higher than on non-flying days（t=5.76, P〈0.01 ）.The average daily energy intake of attack helicopter pilots was 3 857.53 kcal on flying days and 3 710.92 kcal on non-flying days which statistically suggested that the energy intake on flying days was clearly higher than on non-flying days（t= 2,38, P〈 0.05）.The partition proportion of three key nutrients showed good protein, high fat, and low carbohydrate.The non-calorigenic nutrients on flying days were clearly higher than non-flying days whose proportion could meet or overpass the standard especially Vitamin A（t = 6.72, P〈0.01） and microelement calcium （t = 5.52, P〈0.01）.Conclusion It is concluded that calorigenic nutrients intake of naval aviation pilots is higher on flying days than on non-flying days with ratio imbalance of three key nutrients, though good protein but high fat and low carbohydrate. So it is suggested that new dietary nutrition standard be formulated.