阿富汗政治重建的障碍性因素分析

Analysis on the Obstacle Factors in the Political Reconstruction of Afghanistan

2001年阿富汗国家重建启动,国家重建的第一步就是政治重建。阿富汗的政治重建包括政府合法性的建构、民族国家的整合、法律制度建设和地方治理的重建等方面。但是在经历了10余年后,阿富汗的局势仍旧糟糕。政治重建作为对国家资源运用能力的重建,表现令人失望。在阿富汗的政治重建过程中,遇到了重重障碍,主要包括:阿富汗政治传统对合法性的削弱、政体缺乏民众的广泛支持、军阀扭曲的民主政治、部族政治的影响、塔利班的干扰、领导人缺乏权威、公务员素质低下和腐败横行等。障碍性因素的存在使得阿富汗政府的合法性受到损害、国家凝聚力下降、政府效率低下,整个国家的前途充满了不确定性。

When the state reconstruction of Afghanistan started in 2001,the first step was the political reconstruction.The political reconstruction of Afghanistan includes the construction of governmental legitimacy and legal system,the integration of the nation-state and reconstruction of local governance.But more than 10years later,the situation of Afghanistan become worse.As reconstruction of the national resources' using ability,The political reconstruction was disappointing.The political reconstruction process of Afghanistan encountered many obstacles,such as the political tradition weakened legitimacy,the lack of support to the political regime,the democracy distorted by warlords,the decentralization of tribal politics,Taliban's interference,the lack of presidential authority,the low quality of public servants and rampant corruption.These obstacles lead to the damage of the central government's legitimacy,the decrease of the national cohesion,the low efficiency of the government.The future of Afghanistan is still uncertain.