美国对入侵种的管理对策

Management strategies for invasive species in the United States

外来种入侵是产生当前世界生物多样性危机的重要原因之一。目前外来种入侵问题已经引起人们的普遍关注。 1999年 2月美国联邦政府发布总统令 ,号召联邦政府机构执行人员防止外来入侵种所造成的严重环境威胁 ,指示有关职能部门行使职权阻止引入入侵种并且恢复本地种。总统令指示建立一个入侵物种理事会 ,并就理事会、联邦机构的职责做了相应界定。美国农业部等部门支持的入侵植物管理国家策略项目 ,提出了针对入侵种的三项国家目标—入侵种的预防、控制和本地种的恢复。国家管理策略的制定为不同层次的人们提供了合作、教育和研究的机遇。美国政府部门以及有关社会团体已经就外来种入侵危害防范积极展开行动 ,包括制定标准防止入侵种进入 ,控制、根除入侵种 ,向民众进行有关外来种入侵的教育 ,增加财政年度预算等等。

The invasion of alien species is a major factor leading to the biodiversity crisis. Biological invasion is a major cause of biodiversity loss in the United States. The U.S. government is consistently paying more attention to invasive species now. On February 3, 1999, President Clinton signed an executive order(EO)-to coordinate a federal strategy to address the growing environmental and economic threat from invasive plants and animals that are not native to the United States. The President’s order directs federal agencies to use their authority to prevent the introduction of invasive species and to restore native species. The EO directs establishment of an Invasive Species Council and prescribes the duties of the Council and federal agencies. The National Strategy for Invasive Plant Management, supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other departments, proposes three national goals: prevention and control of invasive species’ and restoration. This National Strategy provides three mechanisms: partnerships, education, and research for different groups and individuals. It requires a high level of cooperation and collaboration among them. Aggressive federal actions are already underway, including measures to prevent entry of invasive species, control and eradication of invasive species, outreach and education for the general public, and an increase in the budget for each fiscal year.