1Birman B.F.,Desimone L.,Porter A.C.,&Garet M.S.De-signing Professional Development That Works[J].Educa-tional Leadership,2000,57(8):28.
2Hawley W.D.,&Valli L.Teaching as the learning pro-fession[A].Handbook of Policy and Practice[C].San Fran-cisco:Jossey-Bass,1999.
3Molander B.Tacit Knowledge and Silenced Knowledge:Fundamental Problems and Controversies[A].Skill andEducation:Reflection and Experience[C].New York:Springer-Verlag,1992.