气候资源的权力与权利:基于公共财产属性的构造

Power and Rights of Climate Resources Based on Structure of the Properties of Public Property

气候资源不是《宪法》、《物权法》上明确列举的国家所有权客体,也不具有权利客体的特征。气候资源与国家所有权客体在权利归属、表现形态、使用方式、存在目的上存在较大差异,乃是一种公共财产。基于公共信托理论,国家是公共财产的受托人,对气候资源行使诸如气候资源规划权、保护区设立权、纠纷裁决权及开发利用行政许可权等管理权。因为气候资源不是国家所有权客体,源自气候资源国家管理权的民事主体对气候资源开发利用的权利乃是特许物权。气候资源特许物权具有公私兼容的性质,既具有公法性,又具有私法性。

Climate resources are not clearly listed on the objects of state ownership in Constitution or Prop-erty Law, nor has the characteristics of object of right. There are big differences between Climate resources and the object of state ownership such as forms, using methods and purpose of existence. Climate resources are pub-lic property. Based on the public trust theory, the state is the trustee of public property, the state sets up the power of climate resources planning, the power of setting protection zone, the power of development and utiliza-tion of administrative permission, the power of decisions on dispute and so on. As climate resources are not the object of state ownership, the right to use climate resources is chartered real right from a civil subject powered by the state to develop and utilize. Climate resources chartered real right has public and private characteristics, which is compatible.