船员劳动关系和劳务关系的理论解读

A theoretical study of seamen's status in labor relationship and employment relationship

船员劳动关系问题具有不同于其他劳动关系的特殊性和复杂性。针对船员劳动关系的特点,对雇佣关系、劳动关系、劳务关系、事实劳动关系等法律关系进行了辨析,认为船员与船员服务机构之间应建立劳动关系,船员与外籍船舶所有人之间的雇佣关系由准据法调整,船员与中国船舶所有人之间的雇佣关系或称劳务关系由民法调整。同时指出,有效的海事行政监管措施有助于确认并统一船员与船员服务机构之间的劳动关系。

Seamen＇ s status under labor law is different from that of other employees. Based on the characteristics of seamen＇ s status under labor law, analysis is provided to identify seamen＇ s labor relationship, employment relationship, factual labor relationship and others. Labor relationship shall be established between seamen and seamen service agency. The employment relationship between seamen and foreign shipowners is subject to the applicable law, and civil law shall apply to the relation-ship of the same nature between seamen and shipowners of China. Effective maritime administration may contribute to a uni-fied identification of the labor relationship between seamen and seamen service agency.