煤油/水体系乳状液的制备及其稳定性研究

The preparation and stability of kerosene/water emulsion

以Span80（山梨糖醇酐油酸酯）和Tween80（聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯）作为复配乳化剂,利用高速剪切法制备了含油率（v/v）为5％～50％的煤油/水乳状液.以油水分层效率和乳状液液滴的粒度分布及其平均粒径（D4.3）作为乳状液的稳定性评价指标,考察了HLB值、沉降时间、含油率、乳化剂含量、搅拌时间、搅拌转速对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明：在Span80-Tween80-煤油-水体系中,制备水包煤油乳状液的最佳复配HLB值为12.0：提高乳化剂的含量和油水比、延长搅拌时间、提高搅拌转速均可以降低乳状液的平均粒径（D4.3）,减少油水分层效率,从而提高乳状液的稳定性,其中乳化剂含量对乳状液的稳定性影响最大.

With Span80 and Tween80 as compound emulsifier, the kerosene/water emulsions with oil content （v/v） of 5% 50% were prepared by high-speed shear method. With the separation efficiency ofoil and water, droplet size distribution and average droplet size of emulsion droplets （D4, 3） as the indexes to evaluate stability of emulsion, the influences of HLB value, precipitation time, oil content, contents of emulsifiers, agitating time and agitating speed to the stability of emulsion were observed. The results indicated that the optimum HLB value of oil-in-water emulsion in the system of kerosene and water was 12.0; the average particle size （D4. 3） of emulsion and the separation efficiency of oil and water were reduced by increasing content of emulsifier, oil-water ratio, agitating time or agitating speed, which resulted in the improvement of stability of emulsion; the greatest impact to emulsion stability was the contents of emulsifier.