明治时代日本国家主义者的社会主义批判

Japanese nationalists' socialist criticism in The Meiji Era

社会主义思想在明治思想界中可谓独树一帜,首先它作为反体制思想完全游离于日本近代国家统治机构的框架之外,是明治时代为数不多的没有被统治阶级意识形态所同化的思想潮流,因其与当时现行统治体制之间长期持续的紧张关系而遭到了统治阶级的残酷镇压;其次它通过运用马克思的历史唯物主义对明治统治机构赖以生存的资本主义制度进行批判,彰显社会主义的优越性和现实可能性,从理论角度为近代日本提供了一种不一样的发展模式。因此,社会主义思想与宗教(基督教、佛教)一样,作为"非国家的因素",都是明治思想史的重要组成部分。社会主义思想与作为体制思想的进化论思想之间的冲突碰撞几乎涵盖了整个明治时期,历来的研究中关于这一问题的关注是比较欠缺的。寄希望于通过探讨国家主义者从进化论角度对社会主义思想展开的批判,为明晰二者的关系提供一些线索。

Socialist ideology was unique in The Meiji ideological circle. Firstly, it existed in the outside of the Japan＇s modem national ruling institutional framework, and it was the very few current of thought that was not assimilated by the ruling class. Because of the tense relationship with the current ruling system, it suffered the violent suppression. Secondly, it, which provides a different developing mode for Japan in theoretical point of view, criticized the capitalist system by using Marx＇s historical materialism, displaying the superiority of socialism and its realistic possibility. Therefore, just as the religion, the socialism, being the ＂Non-state factors＂, played an important part in The Meiji intellectual history. There are few researches on the collision between the socialism and the theory of evolution. This paper will explore nationalists＇ Socialists＇ criticism on the socialism from the point view of the theory of evolution.