1307年圣殿骑士团遭异端审判缘由的非宗教思考

A none-religious perspective of the heresy trials in 1307

作为欧洲最大的宗教骑士团之一,圣殿骑士团在1307年突然遭受了致命的异端审判。除去诸如异端、宗教裁判所等宗教因素外,其受审还有复杂而多样的原因。在异端嫌疑外衣的掩盖之下,这场审判有着深刻的政治、经济原因,同十字军运动的衰落、皇权与教权的斗争存在着紧密的联系。首先,圣殿骑士团在13世纪末衰落的趋势,是探讨其受审原因不可忽略的方面。其次,教权的衰落使得它成为了法王打压教皇,继而夺取宗教裁判权的牺牲品。再次,法王的财政困难是其受审的一个重大缘由。此外,圣殿骑士团过度仰赖十字军运动、教皇、封建君主,以及诸如功能单一、策略僵化等方面的缺陷,都为它的覆灭埋下了伏笔。

The Templars, the largest group of knights in Europe, are suddenly under fatal hereby trial in 1307. The reason for this trial is complex and variable, beside the political and economic reasons which are closely linked to the decline of the Crusade and the struggle of monarchical power against papal authori- ty. Therefore, the declining trend of the Templars at the end of 13th century should be first considered as a top reason. Additionally, the weak papal authority renders King Philip IV of France an opportunity to oppress the pope, and seize the ecclesiastical jurisdiction by destroying the Templars. finally, financial dif- ficulty of King Philip IV is also an important factor.