中国宗教史与中国美学史

Chinese Religious History and History of Chinese Aesthetics

中国宗教史与中国美学史存在深刻的内在联系。宗教史上人文化、士大夫化的走向和现象,以中国智识阶层社会人际交往即交游为独特方式,其表现双向、交叉、多形式。宗教界和士夫界相互之间思想、意识交流、沟通,呈现互动型机制,是影响中国文化、美学精神的重要因素。中国宗教史对中国美学史的影响包括审美论说和审美形态两个领域,原始创新和丰富发展两个层面,精英文化和通俗文化两个分支,无一例外地存活于各种门类的审美样式之中,其表现形态丰富多样、精彩纷呈。因此,对于普遍性审美经验具有深广的启示,具体表现于思潮和美学、意象和想象、新意和法度、精微和广大、思维和心理、义理和审美等方面。中唐以后士大夫文人的心理结构、人生和审美情调、艺术思维有较大变化,日趋内敛、恬适、雅化、淡定、精致,这是宗教史染化的结果。宗教义理"通约"、化解为审美要素,哲思化、精神化、诗性化,最终宗教化—审美化。中国思想史、中国史学史、中国宗教史作为三根主要支柱,犹如鼎之三足,稳定、平衡地架构了中国美学史,它们发挥各自功能和作用,于是,从思想史投照、史学史输入、宗教史浸润,便整合为系统性、立体式、网络化的中国美学史体系。

There is profound inner link between Chinese Religious History and History of Chinese Aesthetics.The trend and phenomenon of humanization and scholar bureaucratic in religious history showed up as bidirectional,crossing and multiform characterized by interactions-social intercourses-of the intellectual class in China.The mutual communication of thoughts and consciousness of the religious circle and the literati circle appeared as interactive mechanism,which was the important factor in-fluencing Chinese culture and aesthetic spirit.The influence on the History of Chinese Aesthetics by the Chinese Religious His-tory included two fields：aesthetic theory and aesthetic form,two levels：original innovation and rich development,two bran-ches：elite culture and popular culture,which existed in all kinds of aesthetic styles without exception and whose forms of ex-pression were rich,varied and brilliant.Therefore,it had profound enlightenment on the universality of aesthetic experiences which were concretely embodied as thoughts and aesthetics,image and imagination,originality and testimonies,the subtle and broad,thinking and psychology,moral principles and aesthetic,etc.After Mid-Tang Dynasty,there was a major change in the mental structure,life and aesthetic aura and art thought of the Confucian scholars,which gradually became reserved,tranquil, calm and delicate,which resulted from the effects of Religious History.Religious principles were commensurate with and re-solved into aesthetic factors,which eventually achieved religionization and aestheticization after being philosophized,spiritual-ized and poetic.As three major pillars,Chinese Ideological History,History of the Chinese Historiography and Chinese Reli-gious History set up History of Chinese Aesthetics steadily and evenly like the three-legged tripod.They developed their own functions and roles,thus,systematic,vertical and networked Chinese Aesthetics System were integrated after the projection of Intellectual History,the input of History of Historiography and the soakage of Religious History.