ICU院内感染调查及危险因素分析

The Investigation of Nosocomial Infection in ICU and Analysis of the Related Risk Factors

目的调查ICU院内感染的现状,分析院内感染的相关危险因素,以便于制定出降低ICU院内感染风险的针对性措施。方法对2011年1月—2013年1月间该院ICU收治的患者进行研究,根据患者住院期间有无院内感染发生,分为感染组和对照组,对患者的临床及实验室检查资料进行病例对照分析,研究ICU院内感染的危险因素。结果 532例患者中,院内感染发生85例,患病率为15.98%。按照感染部位分类,呼吸道感染所占比例最多。logistic回归结果显示年龄≥45岁、侵入性治疗、ICU住院时间≥20 d、使用免疫抑制剂、机械通气时间≥6 d可显著提高发生院内感染的风险(P<0.05)。结论院内感染控制工作仍需进一步提高,需根据侵入性治疗、ICU住院时间、使用免疫抑制剂、机械通气时间等危险因素,制定针对性措施,切实降低ICU住院患者发生院内感染的风险。

Objective To investigate the current status of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit（ICU）, and analyze its related risk factors so as to develop targeted measures of reducing the risk of nosocomial infection. Methods The patients admitted in the ICU of our hospital from January, 2011 to January, 2013 were divided into two groups, the infection group and the control group, according to whether they had nosocomial infection during hospitalization. The case-control study was performed to analyze the condition of nosocomial infection and its risk factors based on the clinical and laboratory data of patients. Results In the present study,532 patients were recruited in the ICU of our hospital from January, 2011 to January, 2013. Among them, 85 cases（15.98%） were infected in hospital.The respiratory tract was the most common site of nosocomial infection. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that Age ≥ 45 years, invasive treatments, hospitalization in ICU ≥ 20 d, using of immunosuppressive agents and mechanical ventilation ≥ 6 d could significantly increase the risk of nosocomial infections （P〈0.05）.Conclusion The control of nosocomial infection need to be further improved and we should take measures to reduce the risk of getting infected in ICU basing on the situation of invasive treatment, hospitalization in ICU, using of immunosuppressive agents, duration of mechanical ventilation and other risk factors.