上海PM2.5减排的经济政策

Economic Policy on PM2.5 Emission Reduction in Shanghai

上海应争取在15年内将年均PM2.5浓度从目前的约60微克/立方米降至25微克/立方米。为此,上海应将钢铁、石化企业的高污染设施迁出;加快推动高端服务业发展;制定中长期汽车保有量控制的目标,将汽车保有量的年度增长率降至2%;限制汽车牌照的使用年限和推出道路交通拥堵费制度;将轨道交通总长度提高至1200公里,提高地铁列车节数和改善线路轨道建设规划;通过引入社会资金、独立发行市政债等方式解决公共交通基础设施建设资金短缺的问题;通过税费政策提高常规煤炭消费的成本,大幅提高对清洁能源的补贴;采用新能源凭证交易制度;改善船运货物结构,提高货物中转比例;推行船舶靠港换油政策,建立排放控制区,推广船舶泊岸供电、LNG混合动力船和码头油改气、油改电。

In the further 15 years, Shanghai is going to put down the PM2. 5 concentrations from 60 micrograms per cubic meter to 25 micrograms per cubic meter. This paper suggests some advice. Firstly, some of most polluting facilities like iron and steel enterprises, petrochemical enterprises need to be emigrated. Secondly, high--end services should be strongly encouraged. Thirdly, a target about car ownership in medium and long term should be properly designed and the annual increasing rate of car ownership should be keeping under 2~//oo. Fourthly, the durable years of license plate should be restricted in a period and a congestion charge should be put forward. Fifthly, to lengthen the total length of rail transportation to 1200 kilometers. Sixthly, the subway train number should increase and the plan of subway train construction should be better designed. Seventhly, to solve the public traffic infrastructure construction fund shortage problem by bringing social capital and issuing Shanghai municipal bonds. Eighthly, to increase the cost of consuming coal by changing tax policy. Ninthly, to increase subsidies of clean energy. Tenthly, new energy certificate trading system should be adopted. Eleventhly, the structure of the cargo should be improved to improve the proportion of transit goods. Twelfthly, to implement the policy of shipping port to change oil, establish emission control area, promote the businesses like ship shore power supply, LNG hybrid ship, changing oil to gas or changing oil to electronic at pier.