广东潮州民居木构彩画特色分析

Analysis of the Traditional Colour Paintings on Timber Structure of Vernacular Architecture in Chaozhou Prefecture of Guangdong

民间建筑彩画呈现出不同的地域文化特征,广东潮州民居传统木构彩画,艳丽的色彩、满铺的构图看似繁俗,仔细归类分析其用色、图案、题字、题词、题材、位置及方位,便可发现这些彩画与它所处建筑之空间和用途存在着密切的关系,也可揭示潮州民系的历史发展根源、地区生产技术、传统宗族信念、社群经济文化和营造工艺传承,是表现潮州人生活愿景和礼制观念的重要载体。学界对于中国建筑地域彩画暂时未有规范的研究方法,本文基于田园调查,在古潮州府城、海阳、澄海、揭阳、普宁、饶平、潮阳和惠来等偏远乡镇地进行了普查,记录许多未入文物登记的民宅的室内梁架彩画,将幸存的清代民宅彩画残迹对比潮州民系的发展,疏理其彩画历史演化沿革。案例以潮州民宅的基本建筑形态:下山虎、四点金、三座落、驷马拖车和寨城五类建筑的彩画进行分析比较,希望可以补充我国民间木构彩画的学术空白、保存地域文化传统、加强海内外潮系人民的身份认同,借助保护民居珍贵遗产探讨可持续发展地域文化的方向。

Colour paintings on vernacular architecture display the different characters of the respective Ioca culture. The bright chrome and dense patterns of colour paintings on timber structures of vernacular architecture n the Chaozhou appear complicated at the first glance. But on closer analysis of their configurations, hue, texts contents, disposition and orientation, one can discover their close association with space, usage and hierarchy of the building it is in. By revealing the historic development trend, local production techniques, traditional clanship beliefs, community economy and culture, and construction craftsmanship linage, these colour paintings are mportant vehicles to represent the aspirations and ritual values of the Chaozhou people. There is not yet an established research method for studying local colour paint article is based on ethnological surveys in both the ancient of Hai-yang, Cheng-hai, Jie-yang, Pu-ning, Yao-ping ngs city Ch n Chinese architecture amongst Academics. This of Chaozhou, and the remote villages in counties ao-yang, and Hui-lai. By recording the colour paintings on timber frames inside dwellings, comparing the surviving traces of Qing Dynasty paintings, the historic developments of colour paintings can be traced. Case studies are analyzed according to the paintings found in five basic typologies of Chaozhou vernacular architecture： Crouching Tiger, Four-spots of Gold, Three-block, Four- horse-cart, and Battalion-town. It intends to fill the current academic gaps, to preserve the local cultural heritages to enhance identity amongst Chaozhou ethnic community in China and Overseas, and to explore the direction for sustainable local cultural development in protection of valuable vernacular heritages