城市—区域尺度的生物多样性保护规划途径研究

Discussion on the Biodiversity Protection Planning Methods Based on Urban-regional Scale

本文研究探讨了空间尺度与生物多样性保护层次的对应关系,认为在城市—区域这一特定尺度上,景观多样性是生物多样性宏观保护的关键层次,基于城市—区域整体环境的系统性和差异性以及生物流与过程,建立城市—区域框架内的生物多样性保护格局。寻找"最优景观格局"就是生物多样性保护规划的核心任务之一,并藉此总结出城市—区域尺度的两种空间类型及其生物多样性保护规划的两种途径:第一种是针对城市基质的区域空间类型提出了"城乡景观格局优化途径",该途径包括有"集聚间有离析"、"景观安全格局","绿色基础设施"3大模式及5大格局优化策略;第二种是针对自然基质的区域空间类型提出的"自然保护区途径",该途径包含有"保护区圈层"与"保护区网"2大模式以及6大保护区设计原则。

This paper explores the relationship between the spatial scale and biodiversity protection level and thinks that under the specific urban-region scale, landscape diversity is the key level to the macroscopic protection of biodiversity. Based on the systematicness and the otherness of urban - regional environment and the biologic flow and process, the protection pattern of biodiversity within urban - regional scale should be established. The author holds that seeking the ＂optimal landscape pattern＂ is one of the core missions of biodiversity protection planning. Based on that, the paper summarizes the two types of city space and their biodiversity planning and design in two ways： first, the ＂Urban-rural landscape pattern optimization approach＂ specific to the space of city matrix, which includes ＂agglomeration segregation＂, ＂landscape＂, ＂green infrastructure＂, three models and five pattern optimization strategies; second, the ＂Nature reserve approach＂ specific to the space of natural matrix, which includes ＂reserve circle＂ and ＂protected area network＂ two modes and six reserve design principles.