法国新景观设计

New French Landscape Design

法国风景园林师如何用他们的专业技能来应对这个时代中"全球园林"的社会和生态挑战?他们文化的精髓是什么?他们有什么创新理念?他们在世界园林、建筑和设计活动的创意运动中扮演何种角色?对当代法国风景园林的综述[1]将为政策制定者和专业人士提供即时并有用的资源。生态学以及生态教学已经在所有项目中占据重要的地位了,从很多叫做"生态公园"或"生态社区"的新造景观命名中就可见一斑。大自然被引入城市的中心。风景园林师们的作品强烈地受到法国园林艺术和城市规划传统的滋养。风景园林项目的这种共同文化揭示出,将城市空间和园林合二为一的做法至少已有4个世纪的传统。很多人认为这是凡尔赛国立风景园林学院的影响。在21世纪初期,法国的风景园林师们正在推进来自园林设计师和城市规划师延续几代的真正传统。考察两代风景园林师的主要作品,可以发现其中的特定优点——尤其是风景园林师们在同时进行小型和大型项目,包括园林、大道和大型景观方面,显得驾轻就熟。值得关注的是,在过去几十年中,受过园林培训的设计师人数增加,而且风景园林师、城市规划师和建筑师不断融合。在多年的竞争之后,新的生态住宅项目让他们不得不共同对环境展开思考。

How do French landscape architects use their know-how to tackle the social, ecological challenges of our time, the global garden？ What is the essence of their culture？ What are their new ideas？ What part do they play in the world creative movements in landscape, architecture and design？ An overview of contemporary French landscape architecture gives an immediate and useful resource for policy-makers and professionals. Ecology and the ways of teaching it now have a strong place in all programmcs, even down to the very name of the new landscapes that are now called ＂ecological parks＂ or ＂eco-neighbourhoods＂. Nature is invited into the heart of the city. Their works are strongly irrigated by the French tradition in garden art and in urban planning. This common culture of landscape project reveals the heritage of at least four centuries in ways of bringing urban space and garden together and, for many, the influence of the National School of Landscape Architecture in Versailles. At the beginning of the 21st century, French landscape architects are perpetuating a real tradition inherited from generations of garden designers and town planners. The overview of the main projects of two generations of landscape architects highlights specific strengths - in particular their ease when simultaneously treating small and large scales, from the garden, the avenue to the larger landscape. What is striking during the past decades is the rise in designers coming from gardening training and the merging link between landscape designers, town planners and architects. After years of competition, new eeo-housings programs oblige them to think our environment together.