武当山景观格局的历史变迁

A Historical Study on the Landscape Pattern of Wudang Mountain

梳理历史文献和以往研究成果,从景观节点、道路神道、景观序列3方面,按照唐代(959年以前)的起源阶段、宋元(960—1367年)的发展阶段、明代(1368—1644年)的大兴阶段、清至民国(1645—1948年)的衰败阶段和新中国后(1949年以后)的新发展5个阶段对其景观格局的变迁过程及其特征进行了研究,明确了武当山景观格局初步形成于元朝,经明朝的进一步完善达到顶峰,并且山上部分的景观格局保存至今。揭示了武当山景观格局变化的主要驱动力:1)形成武当山独特景观格局基础的自然地理条件;2)与景观格局发展相互促进的宗教因素;3)对武当山景观大兴起决定性作用的政治因素;4)与武当山变迁息息相关的社会经济条件。

By reviewing historical documents and previous research, This study investigates the transformation of landscape pattern of Wudang Mountain, in terms of landscape unit, heavenly road, and landscape sequence. The landscape development has been studied in five stages： the originating stage in the Tang Dynasty （before 959）, the developing stage during the Song and Ynan Dynasties （960-1367）, the peak stage in the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644）, the decline stage from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China （1645-1948）, and the new stage of development recently （alter 1949）. Wudang Mountain landscape pattern preliminary was shaped in the Yuan Dynasty and further improved to the peak in the Ming Dynasty, and moreover, the mountain part of it has been preserved up to now. Meanwhile, the driving three of landscape changes is revealed： （1） natural and geographical conditions as the basis of Wudang Mountain landscape, but also the destruction of landscape; （2） the religious element interacted with the landscape pattern change; （3） political factors as the decisive force of the rising tip of Wudang Mountain; （4） socio-economic conditions closely related to Wudang Mountain landscape pattern changes.