全球视野下的粟黍起源及传播探索

A Study on the Origin and Spread of Foxtail Millet and Broomcorn Millet in View of Globalization

13000年前东亚人群扩张、12000年前左右"新仙女木"事件给生存带来了巨大压力,而距今约11000年前,人类已经开始了对粟黍野生祖本的驯化,这应是气候环境和人口压力共同催生的结果。但人类发展水平和粟黍野生祖本特性应是其驯化的基础条件,即在距今12000年左右,人类制造和使用工具的能力已大大提高,陶器的出现更使人类便于大规模炊煮食物;同时,粟黍的野生祖本分布较广,籽实相对易储藏,既可以大规模栽培,又可以解决因食物季节性短缺带来的饥饿问题。另外,在距今11000年左右甚至更早时期,粟黍野生祖本的籽实要比现在大或已进化出更大籽实的品种,这也是一个非常重要的假设。粟黍外传的特别意义在于,可能会给当地的生产、生活方式带来变革,而且涉及到的人口迁徙也可能影响当地的种群生态。

The expansion of the population of East Asia 13000 years ago and the ＂Younger Dryas＂ event about 12000 years ago had brought enormous pressure to local human survival. And according to the latest research progress, dating back 11000 years, mankind had already begun on the domestication of wild progenitor of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet. So there should be a common global factor that climate and population pressure of playing the catalytic role. However, the level of human development and characteristic of wild progenitor of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet should be basic conditions of its origin, that is, about 12,000 years ago, human intelligence had reached a very high level, the ability of manufacturing and using tools had been enhanced greatly, and the emergence of pottery made humans more easy cooking food on a large scale. At the same time, the distribution of wild progenitor of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet was wider and their seeds were relatively easy storage, which were good for large-scale cultivation and solving the problem of hunger for the food seasonal shortages. In addition, 11000 years from now or even earlier periods, the seeds of wild progenitor of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet to be larger than they are now, or having evolved larger seed varieties, is also an important assumption. The special significance of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet＇ spread is that may bring changes to local production and life style, but also involving migration may also affect the local population.