有氧体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的积极性影响:fMRI研究的探索

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on College Students' Executive Functions: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

目的:采用全脑功能磁共振成像(fMRI)方法比较分析有氧体育锻炼前后大学生相关脑区激活情况,探讨有氧体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响与机制。方法:以56名身体健康、无异常心理症状的大学生(20.9岁±1.2岁,其中男28人)为研究参与者,实验组进行8周、每周5 d、每天1 h功率自行车蹬骑的有氧体育锻炼干预,对照组相同时间不进行干预。采用Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T全身磁共振成像系统,对参与者进行执行参量设计的倒数n项实验时全脑fMRI扫描。数据经过头动校正、空间标准化等处理后进行重复测量的方差分析。结果:经过有氧体育锻炼干预后,实验组进行n-back任务时行为学表现明显优于对照组;执行加工相关脑区有范围更广、程度更高的脑区激活表现,主要表现在双侧额叶中回、左顶上小叶、左扣带回、右中央前回、右中央后回和左额上回。结论:8周有规律的有氧体育锻炼对于提高大学生的执行功能具有统计学上的显著性意义,有氧体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的改善主要通过提高执行加工相关脑区的激活强度和范围来实现。

Objective ： This study aimed to observe the effects of aerobic exercise on college students＇ executive func- tions and its related cerebral mechanism. The influence of aerobic exercise on executive functions of college students was estimated by functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） in brain areas before and after aerobic exercise. Methods： Fifty-six healthy students （20.9 ± 1.2 yrs, 28 males） were randomly assigned into exercise and control group. The exercise group people took aerobic exercise on cycle ergometer for 1 hour per day, 5 times a week, and 8 weeks in total, while the control group people didn＇t do anything during the same time. Both groups participated in the reciprocal term n test on enforcement parameter, and their brains were scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） with Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T. The statistical method of repeated-measure of ANOVAs was used to analyze the data after head movement correction and space standardization. Results： After aerobic exercise intervention, the training group had an obviously better behavior performance than control group in n-back tasks test. Brain regions associated with execution and processing showed that brain activation was in a larger range and a higher level after exercise intervention. The activation brain areas were mainly in contralateral frontal gyms, left top lobules, paracentral lobules, fight precentral gyms, right postcentral gyrus and left superior temporal gyms. Conclusion： The executive functions of college students were improved significantly after 8 weeks regular aerobic exercise. The positive influence of aerobic exercise on executive functions was achieved mainly via the changes of intensity and range of brain activation in brain regions associated with execution and processing.