大学生心身健康水平及其相关因素的四年追踪观察

The Four-year Follow-up of Psychosomatic Health and Its Related Factors of College Students

目的 :追踪观察大学生自入学至毕业约四年内的心身健康水平及其相关因素的动态变化。方法 :以群体分层抽样法 ,共抽取受试样本 5 41人 ,实际有效样本 44 2人。采用中国身心健康量表 (CPSHS)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、防御方式问卷 (DSQ)、生活事件量表 (LES)、社会支持评定量表 (SSRS) ,大学生在入学体检时、入学三个月和毕业前分别进行测试。结果 :毕业前学生心身障碍的检出率 (14% )明显高于入学时 (9.0 % )。男生EPQ -P ,入学后随校龄增加而递增 ,并以毕业前分值最高。从入学三个月始 ,大学生对不成熟防御机制的动用频率逐步增高。毕业前大学生的生活事件明显多于其它时段 ,并以家庭问题为主 ,而入学时则以社交与其它问题为多。结论 :大学生在校期间以毕业前心身障碍的检出率最高 ,大学生心身健康水平主要与其个性、家庭有关的生活事件数量、主观社会支持、性别、年龄有密切关系。其中 ,社会支持是大学生心身健康的保护因素。

Objective: To investigate psychosomatic health and related factors of college students during school over a period of 4 years. Methods:Using CPSHS (China Psychosomatic Health Scale),EPQ(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire),DSQ(Defensive Style Questionnaire),LES(life Event Scale) and SSRS(Social Support Rating Scale), the authors selected 442 students by randomized block sampling and tested them during enrollment, at 3 months after enrollment and at graduation respectively. Results:The incidence of psychosomatic disorders was higher at graduation (14.0%) than at enrollment (9.0%). EPQ-P scores of male students were found to be increasing with years of schooling. The students used more immature defensive style and less mature defensive style from 3 months after enrollment. The freshmen had more interpersonal relationship and other events, but undergraduates have much more family-related events. Conclusion:The higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders in undergraduates was related to their personality type, family-related stress, subjective social support, sex and age. Social support constituted a protective factor for psychosomatic health of students.