多航天器交会下天地通信工作模式探讨

On Operation Mode of Ground-Spacecraft Communication during Multi-Spacecraft Rendezvous

针对中国空间站工程航天器交会对接任务中,地面与多航天器同时进行天地话音和图像通信的潜在需求,分析TDRSS(Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System,跟踪与数据中继卫星系统)、USB(Unified S-Band,统一S频段)测控通信系统及天地通信中心系统支持多目标同时通信的技术原理,提出天地通信系统在双目标、三目标同时跟踪时的工作模式,介绍天地通信系统仿真验证体系,并重点阐述天地通信中心如何采用环回和回放数据文件的仿真方法验证系统对多目标的支持,由此表明天地通信系统具备同时与多航天器进行通信的能力。探讨的结果对工程和实际应用具有参考和借鉴价值。

To meet the potential requirements of simultaneous voice and image communication between the ground and multiple spacecraft during rendezvous and docking missions of Chinese space station and spaceships, the techni- cal principles of TDRSS （Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System）, USB （Unified S-Band） TT＆C （Telemetry, Tracking and Command） and communication system and support of simultaneous multi-target ground-spacecraft communication are analyzed. Operation mode of ground-spacecraft communication system in tracking dual-targets and tri-targets is put forward. The simulation verification structure of ground-spacecraft communication system is discussed with a focus on the simulation method of ground-spacecraft communication center by looping back and re- playing data files for support of multi targets. This shows that the ground-spacecraft communication system is able to communicate simultaneously with multiple spacecraft. The results of research and development provide a refer- ence and value for engineering and practical applications.