羊毛织物破洞损伤的鉴别

Identification of the broken-hole on the woollen fabric

研究了羊毛织物破洞损伤的鉴别方法,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及化学方法进行鉴别,简单、有效。光学显微镜下的损伤纤维,若出现新半月形缺口或断截面中央有凸起物,则为虫蛀损伤;若断截面出现毛丝,则为机械损伤;若纤维黏结在一起,纤维上出现球形泡状物,则为热熔损伤。扫描电镜(SEM)下的损伤纤维,若断截面凹凸不平,则为虫蛀损伤;若断截面光滑,则为机械损伤。在饱和溴水的作用下,若损伤纤维边缘出现泡状物的初始时间为90 s左右,则为虫蛀损伤;出现泡状物初始时间为30 s左右,则为机械损伤。

This study is designed to identify the damage of the broken-holes on woollen fabric. We can use optical microscope, SEM and chemical method to identify the cause of the broken-hole. Under the optical microscope, if the damaged fibers appear a lunate gap or prominence on the cross section, it can belong to moth damage, if there are broken filaments on the cross section of damaged fibers, it can be regarded as mechanical damage, if the fibers stick together,it can be attributed to heat damage. Under the SEM, if the cross section is smooth, it is mechanical damage, otherwise it is moth damage. Under the treatment of saturated bromine, the moth damaged fiber bubbles at 92 seconds, while the mechanical damaged fiber bubbles at 37 seconds.