荆州地区精神科护理人员职业倦怠的现状及影响因素

The Current Situation of Occupation Burnout of Psychiatric Nurses in Jingzhou and Its Influencing Factor

目的探讨荆州地区精神科护士职业倦怠的现况及影响因素。方法采用自编一般资料问卷、护士压力源问卷(NJSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、护士工作倦怠量表(N-MBI)对224名在职精神科护士和200名综合医院护士进行问卷调查。对量表结果进行统计分析,了解护士职业倦怠的状况及影响因素。结果①精神科护士所受工作压力整体水平与综合医院护士比较无统计学差异;职业倦怠状况较综合医院护士高(t=3.43,P<0.05);②个人月收入越低,职业倦怠程度越高;病房护士的职业倦怠程度高于门诊;工作职称越高,职业倦怠程度越低;③职业倦怠量表中情绪耗竭、去人格化维度与护士工作压力源5个方面均存正相关,而个人成就感呈负相关;④回归分析结果提示,护士工作的总压力源对情绪衰竭、工作冷漠感和个人成就感3个维度均具有预测作用;个人月收入和职称对情绪衰竭和个人成就感2个维度均具有预测作用;岗位对情绪衰竭有预测作用;工作量及时间分配对工作冷漠感具有预测作用。结论护理工作压力源及个人因素对精神科护士职业倦怠的3个维度具有预测作用,改善相关的影响因素,有助于改善职业倦怠感,提高工作效率。

Objective To explore the current situation of occupation burnout of psychiatric nurse in Jingzhou andits influencing fac- tor. Methods Using the self-designed general information questionnaire, nurses job pressure source questionnaire （ NJSQ ）, the self-es- teem scale （ SES ）, Self-rating Anxiety Scale （ SAS）, self-rating depression scale （ SDS ）, Nurse Job Burnout Inventory （ N - MBI ） to assess 224 in - service psychiatric nurses and 200 general-hospital nurses. Results ①Psychiatric nurses＇the overall level of job stress was not significantly different to that of general hospital （ t = 0.47, P 〉 0.05 ）, but their self-esteem, anxiety and depression were lower （ t = 3.34, 2.89,3.16 ; P 〈 0.05 ） ; Occupation burnout status was higher （ t = 3.43, P 〈 0.05 ） ;② Nurses＇ economic income was lower, the higher the degree of their occupation burnout;Occupation burnout of nurses was higher in ward than outpatient;Nurses with higher job title had lower occupation burnout ; ③ Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had positive correlation with work pressure source of nurses, and sense of personal achievement was negatively related to them; ④Regression analysis showed total pressure source of nurses had predictive effect on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and sense of personal achievement;Personal income and job title had predictive effects on emotional exhaustion and sense of personal accomplishment;Post had predictive effect on emotional exhaustion. Workload and time distribution had predictive effects on depersonalization. Conclusion Nurse job stressors and individual factors have predictive effect on occupation burnout of psychiatric nurses; Improving the relevant factors contributes to the improvement of occupation burnout and im- proves work efficiency.