高、中、低筋力小麦胚乳不同部位蛋白体积累研究

The Accumulation of Protein Bodies in Different Region of Endosperm Among Wheat Cultivars for Different Gluten

为探明不同面筋强度的小麦胚乳不同部位蛋白体积累的差异,本研究以徐麦30（高筋）、扬麦11（中筋）、扬麦13（低筋）小麦为试验材料,从微观结构角度研究了不同筋力小麦胚乳背部和腹部蛋白体大小、面积及积累的差异.结果表明：1）小麦胚乳腹部蛋白体积累速率呈现先慢后快的积累变化,不同筋力小麦表现为徐麦30＞扬麦11＞扬麦13,且在花后8、1 1和14 d达显著差异;2）花后11、14、17d为胚乳背部蛋白体的快速积累期,不同筋力小麦蛋白体积累量表现为徐麦30＞扬麦11＞扬麦13,尤以花后11、14和17 d突出;3）同一品种胚乳腹部和背部蛋白体积累量不同,表现为腹部＞背部,且差异显著;4）花后14～17 d是小麦胚乳积聚蛋白质速率最快的时期,细胞内合有较多的大蛋白体或蛋白聚积体且分布较集中;5）成熟籽粒中不同筋力小麦蛋白体和淀粉体分布不同.高筋小麦蛋白体分布较多,与淀粉粒结合程度最高,而低筋小麦蛋白体分布最少,且淀粉体之间空隙较大.中筋小麦蛋白体和淀粉体分布介于两者之间.

Wheat cultivars for different gluten,cv.Xumai 30 （strong-gluten）,cv.Yangmai 11 （medium-gluten） and cv.Yangmai 13 （weak-gluten） were used to investigate the size,area and accumulation of protein bodies in dorsal and ventral endosperm at micro-structure level.The main results were as follows.1）The accumulation rate of protein bodies in ventral region of endosperm increased slowly at the early phrase while rapidly at later phrase; the order among wheat cultivars for different gluten was cv.Xumai 30 ＞cv.Yangmai 11 ＞cv.Yangmai 13.Further,the values were significant （P ＜ 0.05） at 8,11 and 14 d after flowering; 2） The rapid accumulation of protein bodies in dorsal region of endosperm occurred from 11 to 17 d after flowering,and the amounts of protein bodies among cultivars were the order of cv.Xumai 30 ＞ Yangmai 11 ＞ Yangmai 13,especially at 11,14 and 17 d after flowering.3） The size and area of protein bodies varied in ventral and dorsal region of endosperm and the order was ventral region ＞ dorsal region.The values were significant at P ＜ 0.05.4） The rapidest accumulation of protein bodies appeared from 14 to 17 d after flowering,during the phrase the endosperm contained mass of larger protein bodies or aggregation.5） The distribution of protein bodies and starch granules varied among mature wheat cultivars for different gluten.The protein bodies in quantities in strong-gluten wheat cultivar were the most numerous and were combined with starch granules compactly-however,the contrary can be observed in weak-gluten wheat cultivar.The appearances of middle-giuten wheat cultivar have been expressed between the two varieties observed above.