中国境内小青瓦的使用历史

Study on History of Little Black Tile in China

在中国传统建筑中,以小青瓦独立覆盖屋顶的方法使用的最广泛。这种小青瓦即长20厘米左右的小型布板瓦,扶风、岐山西周晚期遗址中发现的长22.5厘米的小型筒瓦可视为其源头,而板瓦独立覆盖屋顶的范例可见于凤雏、召陈西周早期遗址,甚至更早的山西省襄汾县陶寺龙山文化古城堡遗址。汉代画像石中以鱼鳞状线条描画的小板瓦屋顶,表示汉代小板瓦已独立使用。宋朝规定官民私宅只可用小板瓦,但宫殿也有使用。从唐宋开始,小板瓦在中国境内逐渐普及开来。

The little black tile, little unglazed plate tile of 20c.m.or so long had been most widely used for traditional architecture roof in China. The little tongwa of 22.5 c.m. long discovered in Late Western Zhou sites in Fufeng and Qishan was its source. And the example of using only plate tile for roof could be found in the Early Western Zhou sites in Fengcu and Shaochen so far as to the Longshan culture castle site in Taosi in Shanxi province. Afterwords, the little black tile roofs drawn into fish scale lines could be found in Han silk painting andstone carvingw. the roofs with realistic little tile could be found from officials and people's private houses to palace in Song paintings. The little black tile had been commonly and commonly used for roof since Tang and Song Dynasties.