近代汉语使役句役事缺省现象研究——兼谈语言接触对结构形式和语义的不同影响

On the absence of causee in causative structures in early Mandarin:A case study of language contact

本文描写了宋元明时期使役句缺省役事的情况。指出:与宋代相比,元代使役句缺省役事的情况所占比率并没有变化,但句义有明显变化,出现了句义偏离使役义、句义完全没有使役义两类句子,明代以后这两类句子也明显减少并有固化趋势;与元代直译体文献相比,元代非直译体文献中使役句缺省役事的情况的比率低得多,与前后期的汉语文献相比基本一致,但是在两类元代文献中役事缺省的使役句的语义一样复杂。通过对比汉语、中古蒙语的使役结构,指出元代缺省役事使役句的语义变化是汉蒙语言接触的结果,这说明语言接触中句法结构的形式与语义受影响的程度不同,第二语言习得的规律可以对这种不同作出解释。

The paper investigates the causee-absent causative structures in the period from Song to Ming Dynasty.It finds that some of the causative structures do not express causative meaning in Yuan Dynasty,and this special kind of causative structures is seldom used thereafter.Comparing the causative structures in Chinese and Mongolian,the paper argues that the semantic change of the causative structures in Yuan Dynasty results from language contacts.Semantic features of the causative structures in Mongolian are brought into Chinese by non-native Chinese speakers,and are partly accepted in Chinese.This historical change can be explained with the laws of second language acquisition.