城市化影响因子识别及其对水环境质量的影响分析

Impact factor identification of the urbanization and it's influence analysis on water environmental quality

城市化的聚集效应引发众多环境问题,尤其会对水环境产生重要影响。城市化对水环境的影响是多种因素的综合结果,通过对城市化主要影响因子的识别分析,探讨城市化对水环境的影响机理。采用因子分析法对合肥城市化影响因子进行识别,结合巢湖西半湖水环境综合污染指数,应用灰色关联分析模型分析合肥城市化主因子对巢湖水环境的影响。结果表明:合肥城市化影响因子主要包括城市规模、产业结构和城市空间;合肥城市化对巢湖西半湖水环境的影响呈增大趋势;1991—2008年巢湖西半湖水环境质量变化的主要驱动因子为产业结构。建议加大区域产业结构调整,改善巢湖水环境质量,促进城市化与水环境质量协调发展。

This paper is engaged in a study of the impact of the urbanization progress on the water environment quality through a case comparative study sample of Chaohu Lake and Hefei urban area. As a result, the investigation and analysis of the main influential factors of the urbanization have been carried out while they are now put into full play. At the same time, a discussion have been made about the impact mechanism of such progress on the water environmental quality by taking a research observation with the comprehensive pollution index changing the trend in the western Chaohu Lake area. The research results prove that the water environmental quality in the said lake area has been steadily deteriorating with the water environment pollution index getting down by 1.70% every year. At the same time, a similar analysis has been made on the above said influential factors to pursue their influential factors of the urbanization impact on the urban areas of the provincial capital city Hefei. Then, a comparative study has been taken about the comprehensive pollution index of Chaohu Lake and such impact of the urban areas of Hefei via a grey relational analysis method to trace the impacts of the principal factors of urbanization advances on the water environmental quality of the urban areas. The results demonstrate that the influential factors should mainly include： the city size, the industrial structural modes, and the urban space covering size. As the result, it can be sure that the impact of urbanization in Hefei on the water environment quality in western Chaohu Lake has been becoming ever-increasingly stronger. The correlation degrees between main factors affecting of urbanization in Hefei and water environment comprehensive pollution index influential factor system are of little difference while the correlation degree of the industrial structure turns be closer than other factors. The above findings reflect the industrial structure has become the main driving factors for the water quality deterioration in the western Chaohu Lake in the period of 1991-2008. Therefore, the industrial structure adjustment should be strengthened to improve the water environmental quality of the Lake and promote the coordinated development between the urbanization and the water environmental quality.