现代性、世俗化与宗教旅游

MODERNITY,SECULARIZATION AND RELIGIOUS TOURISM

现代性与宗教世俗化存在一种互为因果的双向互动关系。宗教世俗化滋生了现代性,现代性所秉持的理想主义精神所导致的人对宗教的祛魅,又进一步推动了宗教世俗化。大众宗教旅游的兴起是现代性条件下宗教世俗化发展的必然结果,是宗教世俗化的现代表征。随着大众宗教旅游的发展,作为旅游目的地的宗教圣地开始了从"宗教场域"到"宗教-旅游场域"再到"旅游场域"的转变,逐步异化为受经济利益驱使而利用宗教符号构建的现代旅游空间。在大众宗教旅游的影响下,传统宗教地的宗教文化在物态文化、制度文化、行为文化和心态文化等层面都不同程度地发生了世俗化变迁甚至异化。

There is a causal two -way interactive relationship between modernity and religious secular- ization which is the prerequisite to produce modernity. However, the disenchantment of religion resulted from development of modernity further promotes the secularization of religion. The rise of popular religious tourism is an inevitable outcome of the development of religious secularization and its modern manifestation under the condition of modernity. With the development of the popular religious tourism, religious shrines have shifted from the religious field to religious - tourism field, and then to tourism field. Driven by eco- nomic interests, religious symbols are employed to make up the modern tourism space gradually. Under the influence of popular religious tourism, secularization or even alienation of religious euhure has taken place to various degrees in aspects of material, institution, behavior and mentality in traditional religion areas.