施用生物质炭对黄淮海地区玉米生长和土壤性质的影响

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Maize Growth and Soil Properties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

本文通过大田试验研究了施用生物质炭对玉米的生长性状、产量以及土壤性质的影响。生物质炭是小麦秸秆在350℃～450℃下限氧热裂解制成。田间设置了20t／hm^2和40t／hm^2两个生物质炭施用水平。结果表明：①施用生物质炭在玉米拔节期抑制了植株生长，其株高、地上部生物量和叶片叶绿素含量均显著低于对照；在生育后期施用生物质炭20t／hm^2处理的玉米生物量、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量显著高于对照，40t／hm^2处理则没有显著性差异。②施用生物质炭显著影响土壤特性，在施用量为20t／hm^2和40t／hm^2时，土壤有机碳含量较对照分别提高34．79％和44．93％，土壤全氮含量在40t／hm^2水平下显著增加12．2％，同时还显著提高了土壤的pH和土壤含水量，显著降低土壤体积质量；③施用生物质炭玉米产量的提高范围为2．2％～4．8％，但不同施用量间差异不显著。本研究结果为生物质炭改良和培肥土壤、提高作物生产效率、促进土壤可持续利用及作物增产提供了一定的理论依据。

This paper investigated and analyzed the effects of biochar on maize plant growth, yield and soil properties in field experiment, with the biochar addition at the rates of 0, 20 t/hm^2 and 40 t/hm^2. The results showed that, compared with the control （no biochar used）, biochar amendment with 20 t/hm^2 and 40 t/hm^2 biochar inhibited the maize growth at the beginning growth, showed in lower plant height, less biomass and leaf chlorophyll content. With biochar addition at the rates of 20 t/hm^2, the maize plant maintained higher biomass, leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the late growth stage, but no significantly difference with 40 t/hm^2, With the biochar addition at the rates of 20 and 40 t/hm^2, soil organic carbon were increased by 34.79% and 44.93%, soil total nitrogen increased by 4.88% and 12.20%, respectively. Biochar amendments significantly increased soil pH and soil volumetric water content, but decreased soil bulk density. Compared with conventional treatment, the maize yield were increased by 4.80% and 2.20%, with the biochar addition at the rates of20 t/hm^2 and 40 t/hm^2, but no significantly difference with control. The results above provided a theoretical basis for biochar on improving soil fertility and enriching the efficiency of crop production in the Huang-huai-hai Plain.