从瑞典的“第三条道路”看美国大都市区蔓延的治理

An Analysis of Sprawl Governance of American Metropolitan Region from Sweden's“the Third Way”

20世纪以来,城市无限蔓延已经成为世界各国城市发展面临的首要难题。政治学中"第三条道路"的理论范式为美国城市治理的道路选择提供了借鉴。美国地方政府通过政府联席会、大都市区规划以及区域联盟成功构建了网络化的地方合作模式,规避了激进的集权化政府和分权式市场竞争模式的弊端。当前作为"第三种道路"的地方合作机制已经成为美国大都市区发展的主要治理模式。因而,借助宏观调控解决城市蔓延问题仍是未来美国各级政府开展城市治理工作的主要着力点。

Unlimited urban sprawl has been the foremost puzzle to the global urban development since the 20th century.The theoretic paradigm of ＂the third way＂ in politics serves much reference to Amer- ican urban governance.The local governments in America through governmental association, metropol itan planning and regional alliance successfullystructured a cooperation pattern of networking locality and eschewed drawbacks in a radical centralized government and decentralized competitive market model.At present,the local cooperation system as ＂the third way＂ has become the primary governance pattern in American metropolitan development. Therefore, by means of a macroscopic regulation, the issue of urban sprawl remains a main concern about American urban governance of all levels in the fu- ture.