贵州西部春薯主要生育期降水分布及其影响分析

Analysis on Precipitation Distribution During Main Growth Period and Its Effect on Spring Potato in Western Guizhou

以贵州西部六枝的郎节坝试验区、钟山的大地试验区、水城的前进试验区和盘县的坡上试验区共4个不同海拔马铃薯种植区连续6a(2006-2011年)春薯大田全生育期(播种期-收获期)的逐日降水量观测资料,以及威芋3号逐年平均产量资料为基础,利用降水与产量积分回归方法,研究春薯大田全生育期降水量变化及其对产量的影响。结果表明,贵州西部山区降水存在时空分布不均状况,总体呈随着海拔升高而增多的趋势;导致春薯产量不稳定的主要因素是降水在春薯大田各生育期分配不均以及春薯全生育期降水过少(降水量少于600mm)。不同区域春薯生长发育过程中的最佳补充灌溉时期不同:研究区东部的郎节坝试验区应在出苗期、分枝期和现蕾期补充灌溉,北部的大地试验区应在播种期、出苗期、现蕾期和开花始期补充灌溉,而同样位于北部的前进试验区仅需在开花始期补充灌溉,位于中部的坡上试验区应在开花盛期补充灌溉。研究结果对于确定贵州西部春薯生育期的最佳补充灌溉时期,优化春薯生产模式,提高贵州山区春薯产量具有积极意义。

Based on observed daily precipitation data during whole growth period of spring potato （from sowing to harvest）from 2006 to 2011 and average yield data of Weiyu 3 at 4 test spots with different altitude in Liuzhi, Zhongshan, Shuicheng and Pan county in western Guizhou, the precipitation change and its effect on spring potato yield was analyzed by using precipitation-yield integral regression method. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in westem Guizhou was inhomogeneous, but the precipitation increased with the altitude rising. The main reason to unstable yield of spring potato was uneven distribution of precipitation in different growth stages and less precipitation in whole growth period（ less than 600ram）. The optimal irrigation time during whole spring potato growth period was different in different regions. Irrigation was needed at emergence stage, branching stage and squaring stage in eastern Guizhou, irrigation was needed at seeding time, emergence stage, squaring stage and flowering stage in northern Guizhou. Supplementary irrigation was needed at flowering stage in northern Guizhou, and supplementary irrigation was needed at full blooming stage in center of Guizhou. The research result was helpful to determine the optional irrigation time of spring potato, optimize the production patterns and increase spring potato yield.