“自诚明”何以可能——张载思想中的“自诚明”与“自明诚”问题

The Study on Integrity and Understanding in Chang Tsai's Thought

"自诚明"与"自明诚"是张载工夫论中"成性"的两种方式,而以往研究多认为"自诚明"不可能或只具有理论上的可能性,即使是肯定"自诚明"的也多是从穷理与尽性、知与行相统一的角度来认识,但这并没有完全涵盖张载"自诚明"的内容。实际上对张载来说,伯夷、柳下惠即是"自诚明"的代表,他们通过致力于自身所禀赋的清和之气亦即"致曲"而成为圣人。但由于张载比较重视气质与习染对成德的负面影响,以及对以"致曲"方式而成圣的局限性的理解,所以他更强调"自明诚"。

Integrity and understanding is the two ways of becoming a sage in Chang Tsai＇s theory of Gongfu （ self- cultivation）. However, the previous research think ＂from integrity to understanding＂ is impossible or only a theo- retical possibility. Some research, even accepted this method, but think it only refers to the unity of exhausting the principles and disposing nature, or the unity of knowledge and action. But it does not fully cover the content on the thought. In fact, Bo Yi and Liu Xia-hui are the representative of ＂from integrity to understanding＂. They become the sages by committed to their endowment. But Chang Tsai paid more attention to the negative influence of temper- ament and habits to moral cultivation and the limitations of ＂Zhi Qu （unique personal temperament）＂ ; he more em- phasized the method of ＂from understanding to integrity＂.