平等的张力与诉求——马歇尔公民资格理论及对中国构建和谐社会的启示

Tension with the Demands of Equality: Marshall's citizenship theory and its enlightenment on China constructing a harmonious society

1949年英国社会学家马歇尔提出了公民资格理论,认为公民资格权利由公民权利、政治权利和社会权利构成,并详细描述了英国公民资格的发展历程,认为英国公民权利的发展呈现了线性发展的特征,"公民权利变成了集体谈判的基础,政治权利促进了公众舆论和国民意识,从而公民权利和政治权利的使用增强了争取社会权利的压力性。"新中国成立后,我国公民资格权利的发展经历了一个曲折的过程。改革开放前,国家与社会高度重合,社会各领域都受到政治国家的支配,公民资格权利难有实质性进展。改革开放后公民资格的三种权利都取得了长足发展和进步。我国正处在市场经济建设的关键时期,借鉴马歇尔的公民资格理论,在差异化的市场过程中,不断通过多元化的努力寻求公民资格平等的价值主张,是我们当前建设和谐社会的不竭动力。

In 1949, the British sociologist Marshall proposed the citizenship theory, that citizenship rights com- posed of civil rights, political rights and social rights. He describes the development process of British citizenship in detail, and thought that the development of British citizenship rights presented characteristics of linear develop- ment. ＂Civil rights became the basis for collective bargaining, political rights promoted the public opinion and na- tional consciousness, and the use of civil and political rights increased the pressure for social rights. ＂ After the founding of New China, the development of China＇s citizenship rights went through a winding course. Before the re- form started, a higher degree of overlap between state and society, and each field of the society are governed by the political country. It is hard to make real progress in citizenship rights. After the reform and opening up, three rights of citizenship have made considerable progress and development. China is currently in a critical period of building the market economy. Drawing from Marshall＇s citizenship theory and seeking the equal citizenship value, through diversification efforts, it is an inexhaustible motive force for the construction of a harmonious society. It is an inex- haustible motive force for the construction of a harmonious society.