自然、契约与人性——古希腊智者与近代契约理论的界分

Nature,Contract and Humanity——Differentiation of Contract Theory between Ancient Greek Sophists and Modern Times

契约理论是关于国家(城邦)起源的重要理论。古希腊智者学派在自然与约定的争论中表达了早期的契约理论,将自然本性和人性完善作为契约的基础,对人、社会、自然做出了界定,同时也抬升了人的地位。近代霍布斯、洛克以自然状态为社会契约论的逻辑起点,以人性的欲望至上性为基础,在确立人的主体地位的同时,也削弱了自然和人的本性力量。通过古代与近代契约理论的界分,领悟到人的真正发展是自身发展和自然的复活,是人、社会、自然的和谐发展。

Contract theory is an important theory about the origin of country / polis. In the debate of nature and the con- tract, the ancient Greek Sophists expressed earlier contract theory, with nature and human integrity as the foundation. Soph- ists defined man, society and nature and uplifted the status of man. Hobbes and Locke took the natural status as a logical start- ing point of the social contract theory. They put desire as the basis and established the subject status of the human. At the same time they weakened the power of nature and human nature. By distinguishing between ancient and modern contract theo- ry, we know the real development of human is their own development, the resurrection of nature and a harmonious develop- ment of human, society and nature.