嘉兴市社区居民流感样病例发病情况及其影响因素

Incidence of Influenza-Like Illness and Influencing Factors in Residents in Jiaxing City

[目的]了解嘉兴市居民流感样病例发病情况及其影响因素,以及流感疫苗接种情况。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取嘉兴市7 215名居民进行入户问卷调查,对收集的6 765份有效问卷进行分析,了解社区居民流感样病例发病及流感疫苗接种情况。[结果]嘉兴市人群流感样病例标化发病率为20.96%,人群流感疫苗标化接种率为12.43%。年龄、季节、运动、流感疫苗接种、有无慢性病史、怀孕这6个因素与流感样病例发病有统计学关联(P<0.05);低年龄段、冬春季节、不运动、未在1年内接种流感疫苗、有慢性病史、怀孕者流感样病例发病风险较高;性别、地区与流感样病例发病无统计学关联。[结论]嘉兴市流感疫苗接种率总体偏低,而流感样病例发病率总体较高,影响因素众多,需要采取措施,在提高流感疫苗接种率的基础上,针对流感样病例危险因素进行适当防控,以降低流感样病例的发生率。

[ Objective ] To estimate the residents＇ influenza vaccination rate, incidence of influenza-like illness （ILI）, and related influencing factors in Jiaxing City. [ Methods ] Using stratified random sampling, totally 7 215 residents in Jiaxing City were enrolled to a household-based questionnaire survey, and 6 765 valid questionnaires were obtained to analyze ILI incidence and vaccination coverage. [ Results ] The standardized incidence of ILI was 20.96%, and the standardized vaccination rate of influenza was 12.43%. Age, season, sports activity, influenza vaccination, history of chronic diseases, and pregnancy were statistically associated with the ILI incidence （P 〈 0.05）. Specifically, the risks of ILI incidence were elevated in young ages, winter and spring, and the residents with no sports activity, no influenza vaccination within past one year, having a history of chronic diseases, and being pregnant, while sex and resident region was not statistically associated with ILI. [ Conclusion ] The overall influenza vaccination rate is low, and the incidence of ILI is on the high side. Various factors may contribute to the elevated incidence rate. Therefore, besides increasing the vaccination coverage, other appropriate prevention and control measures against the influencing factors for ILI are also required to reduce the incidence of ILI in Jiaxing.