中国地方公共服务拥挤性与财政支出结构优化

The Congestion of Local Public Service and the Optimization of Financial Structure in China

分权下的地方政府竞争与溢出效应会导致政府财政的支出偏向问题。现有研究多从经济绩效的角度讨论财政结构优化,不能较好地处理公共服务的供需匹配和其效用的滞后性。为此,本研究主要从公共服务拥挤性的角度入手,以供需匹配程度分析财政结构优化问题。证实检验结果显示:从全国看,中国地方政府财政支出总体规模已经高于最优水平,一方面应该控制基本建设投入和公共服务成本支出,另一方面要不断增加教育和社会保障支出;从地区差异看,各地区公共服务的拥挤性存在显著差异,财政支出结构优化需要考虑地区特征,应将基础建设和医疗卫生投入从东部向中、西部地区转移。

The competition between the local governments and the effect of inter- jurisdictional spillovers may lead the underprovision of local public services. Many published works analyze it in terms of economic perfor- mance, which could not consider the demand of public service and could not deal with hysteresis of utility of it. Therefore, we estimate the congestion of public service, which provide empirical evidence on the optimization of financial structure in terms of demand satisfaction. From a national perspective, on the one hand should be di- minish the expenditure of infrastructure and the cost of public service, on the other hand should be increase the expenses on education and social security. From a regional perspective, because the congestion of public service are distinct between different regions, the optmlization should be consider the features of each region. From the result, should be transfer the investment of infrastructure and health from east to middle or/and west of China.