黄河西岸乌兰布和沙漠综合治理区生态环境状况及动态变化

The eco-environment situation and dynamic changes for comprehensive management area of Ulan Buh Desert on the west of Yellow River

以1979年、1989年、1999年、2008年、2012年5期Landsat TM/MSS遥感图像为信息源,在3S技术支持下,以生态环境状况评价技术规范为标准,对黄河西岸乌兰布和沙漠综合治理区生态环境状况及动态变化信息进行分析。结果表明:研究区1979-2012年间生态环境状况在"差"和"较差"级别之间转化。研究区生态环境动态变化特点是耕地、建设用地面积呈逐年增加趋势;1979-1999年间林地、水域湿地面积大量减少、草地面积大量增加,1999-2012年林地、水域湿地面积小幅度增加,草地面积以7.28km2/a速度减少;研究区荒漠面积占绝大比例(>59%),近30多年没有明显变化,但局部地区荒漠化土地扩展趋势仍然存在,并威胁黄河西岸地区生态环境。

This research took five Landsat TM / MSS remote sensing images（ 1979,1989,1999,2008,and 2012） as information sources,and under the support of 3S technology,by using Technical Criterion for Ecoenvironmental Status Evaluation（ HJ / T1922006）,analyzed the ecoenvironment quality and the dynamic changes of comprehensive management area of Ulan Buh Desert on the west of Yellow River. The results showed that the ecoenvironment situation of study area changed between ＂ low level＂ and ＂ lower level＂. The characteristics of ecological environment dynamic change were the areas of cultivated and construction land were increased progressively; the areas of forest and waters wetland constantly reduced,the grassland increased greatly during 1979 - d 1999. The areas of forest and waters wetland increased a little,and the grassland area decreased by 7. 28km2/ a. The desert area accounted for the most share in study area（ 59%）,and there was no significant change in the past 30 years. But the desertification still exists,and it threatens the ecological environment on the west of Yellow River.