那拉提山冰川变化与气候变化的关系研究

The relation between climate change and glacier retreat in Nalati Mountain

通过1992、2004、2010年的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像解译得到了那拉提山三期冰川边界,采用GIS技术研究了冰川的面积和体积变化,并通过昭苏,巴音布鲁克,伊宁三个气象站点1960-2010年的气温和降水资料分析了该区域的气候变化。结果表明:1992-2010年间那拉提山冰川面积减少了27.7%,体积减少了0.27%,且冰川退缩呈现出加速趋势。近40年来,该区域的夏季气温升高,冰川退缩主要受到夏季气温的控制,虽然冬季降水也出现增加,但降水的增加已不能弥补气温升高导致的冰川消融。冰川的加速退缩与该区域夏季气温的显著升高有关。与中国西部其它区域冰川变化的比较发现,那拉提山冰川退缩较快,其原因为该区域海拔较低,冰川规模较小。

We extracted three periods glacier outlines in Nalati Mountain from Landsat TM /ETM ＋ images in 1992,2004,2010 using computer interpretation and visual interpretation. After constructing the glacier maps, the variations of glacier area and volume were analyzed by using GIS technology. Meanwhile,the details of climate change in this region were given by analyzing the climate data of Zhaosu,Bayinbuluke and Yining meteorological stations. The results showed that the glaciers had experienced a general shrinkage,the total area and volume decreased by 27. 7% and 0. 27%,and the retreat trend was found to be quicken. We also found an increasing trend of summer air temperature and winter precipitation in this area. The glacier shrinkage mainly controlled by increasing summer temperature also we found a slight increasing winter precipitation. The rising rate of glacier shrinkage was probably a result of significant warming in this region. The shrinkage was more quickly than other districts in western china probably due to the low altitude and little glacier scale in this region.