1928年黄河流域特大旱灾的灾情和成因研究

The disaster situation and reasons for the severe drought event of 1928 in Yellow river valley

分析了1928年黄河流域特大旱灾的旱情及其形成的物理因素。结果表明:1928年是近百年来黄河流域最干旱的一年,范围广,灾情重,以黄河中上游最为严重。该次大旱出现在百年来年代际相对暖干期,这可能是形成这次大旱重要的年代际气候背景。太平洋年代际振荡的暖位相时期和1928年中东赤道太平洋的暖事件,对干旱的形成有一定的作用。西太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏东和明显偏南,以及年登陆台风偏少,使南方暖湿气流难以到达黄河流域,这是形成大旱的重要原因。该结论具有普遍性。

The cause and situation of the severe drought event of 1928 in Yellow river valley were analyzed. The results show that： 1928 was the extreme drought year in the Yellow river basin in recent 100 years,its range was wide,along the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow river it was the most serious. Maybe a relatively decadal warm and dry period in recent 100 years was the decadal climatic background for this event,also,the warm phase period of the Pacific Decade Oscillation and the warm event in middle and east equatorial Pacific both played a part in formation of the drought. The obviously eastern and southern position of subtropical high,the lack of landing typhoon in the whole year both made the warm moisture airflow could not reach the Yellow river valley,this was the main cause for the drought.