现代生物能源第二波研发和产业化浪潮

Second Wave of R&D and Commercialization in Modern Bioenergy Industry

液态和气态生物燃料一直是生物能源研发的“重中之重”。纤维素乙醇这种所谓的“第二代生物燃料”的开发热持续了近lO年，但始终未能突破商业化生产的技术、经济瓶颈。物料预处理成本和酶成本过高，是术质纤维素乙醇产业化的两大根本性障碍，同时还存在着其他不确定性。而基于热化学平台和糖平台的新型液体生物燃料正在走上世界能源舞台。近年来生物质气化一合成油、生物质裂解提质油、EL类生物燃油、生物MTG油、CBGTL油、藻类油／燃气、生物质气化一合成天然气等各种新型的生物燃料不断涌现．而且研发和产业化速度很快，若干品种的研发已处于产业化的前夜．有望在今后2～4年内实现商业化。它们不但符合“先进生物燃料”关于碳减排的要求，而且还是所谓的“可直接使用生物燃料”，即能以任何比例与常规汽柴油调合．或完全单独用于现有的发动机，无需像燃料乙醇那样必须有专用的储运设施。液态和气态生物能源正在迎接研发和产业化的第二波浪潮，中国在其中也占有了一席之地。在这样的大背景下，上述新型生物燃料的主要原料木质纤维素类物料的重要性将愈发凸显。

Liquid and gaseous biofuels have long been the priority of bioenergy research and development.Al- though the development of cellulosic ethanol,the so-called second-generation biofuel,has been hot for nearly 10 years,no breakthrough has been made yet in commercialization both technically and economically.Exces- sively high costs of material pretreatment and enzyme are the two fundamental obstacles to the commercial- ization of the cellulosic ethanol technology and some other uncertainties remain.At the same time,a new type of liquid biofuel based on thermochemical and sugar platforms is coming onto the world energy stage.In re- cent years,a lot of new types of hiofuels,such as hiomass-to-oil via gasification,biomass-to-oil via pyrolysis and upgrading,EL biofuels,MTG oil,CBGTL oil,alga-derived oil/gas,and hiomass-to-gas via gasification,have mushroomed and the research,development and commercialization of these technologies have been growing rapidly.The research and development of some hiofuels have been close to,expected to be 2-4 years away from,commercialization.These fuels not only meet the carbon-emission requirements for ＂advanced biofuels＂ but are also the so-called ＂biofuels for direct use＂,namely,they allow blending with conventional gasoline or diesel fuel at any proportions ,or sole use in current engines ,without the need for special storage and trans- portation facilities like what fuel ethanol requires.Liquid and gaseous biofuels are embracing a second wave of research,development and commercialization and China is being involved in this process as well.Against this backdrop ,lignocellulose materials,the main feedstock for the above new biofuels ,will become increasingly important.