含硫渣油加工路线的选择

The Selection of Sulfur-containing Residuum Processing Routes

加工含硫渣油有两种不同的典型加工路线,即:先将渣油固定床加氢脱硫,然后再深加工的加氢路线;先以焦化工艺加工,再将焦化馏分油加氢脱硫,生产轻质产品的热加工路线(也称焦化路线)。从两种加工路线的工艺流程、投资、产值、环保等方面进行综合对比,并对两种路线的影响因素,如原油价格、电力/蒸汽价格、氢气价格、催化剂成本等方面进行敏感度分析,结合我国国情,提出选择含硫渣油加工路线的建议。对比结果可以看出,加氢路线虽然一次性投资和加工费用均较焦化路线高,但由于其液体收率和轻油收率高,产值较高,使之经济效益反而更好;而且加氢路线在产品结构、产品质量以及环保方面都具有明显的优势。并且从长远来看,原油价格仍有上升趋势,加氢装置投资和加工成本还有下降势头,对加氢路线更为有利。因此,加氢路线可作为加工含硫渣油的较佳选择路线。目前,中国石化(SINOPEC)新建或扩建炼厂中,均选择加氢工艺作为加工含硫渣油的路线。

There are two typical routes for processing sulfur-containing residuum,namely,the hydrogenation route in which residuum is subjected to hydrodesulfurization on fixed bed and then to deep processing and the hot processing route （also known as the eoking route） in which residuum is first subjected to a coking process and then coker distillates are subjected to hydrodesulfurization to produce light products.This article compares the technical processes,capital investments,output values,and environmental footprints of these two processing routes,conducts a sensitivity analysis of the affecting factors of the two routes,including crude price,power/vapor price,hydrogen price,~ind catalyst cost,and puts forth suggestions on how enterprises should select sulfur-containing residuum processing routes,taking the country＇s specifics into account.As can be seen from the comparison results,although both the primary capital investment and processing cost of the hydro- genation route are higher than those of the eoking route ,due to its higher liquid and light oil yields and output value,the hydrogenation route can bring enterprises higher returns.In addition,the hydrogenation route has clear advantages in product mix,product quality ,and environmental footprint.Additionally ,in the long term, crude oil prices are expected to continue to rise and the capital investment and processing cost of a hydro- genation unit are expected to drop further.These factors will benefit the hydrogenation route.For the above reasons,the hydrogenation route is the better option for processing sulfur-containing residuum.All refineries currently being built or expanded by Sinopee have selected the hydrogenation route for processing sulfur-con- taining residuum.