热泵工艺在油田注水站的应用分析

An Analysis of the Application of Heat Pump Technology in Oilfield Water Injection Station

热泵系统也称余热回收系统，是使用部分驱动能源（如燃气、蒸汽、燃气或热水），将余热形式为地热水、冷却水、洗涤水或伴油污水．温度在20～70℃的低品位能量取出，转移到45～100℃的中高温热媒中的系统。热泵系统在利用低品位热能的同时．仅消耗少量电能。节能效果显著。我国直到20世纪90年代，开始大面积应用热泵技术。目前，在热泵制造、安装和运行规模上，已走到了国际前例。现在，不管是压缩式热泵，还是吸收式热泵，也不论是设备还是系统，其技术已经成熟，热泵机组制热温度达到45～100℃，COP值（能量与热量之间的转换比率，简称能效比）也达到相当高的水平，机组的超小型化和超大型化技术得到长足发展，被广泛应用到建筑、烘干、石油化工、医药、筑路等领域。以热泵工艺在油田注水站的应用为分析对象．针对热泵的起源、发展、工作原理及在注水站的应用展开论述，着重从初期投资、运行费用、人工费用、社会效益、节约清水及10年费用现值方面，对注水站采用热泵冷却工艺与常规冷却工艺进行对比分析，提出了注水站采用热泵工艺有利于提高注水站系统的热能效率，降低运行成本，减少加热炉加热过程中产生的废气和余热排放，实现节能减排，对于热泵工艺在大庆油田注水站的应用具有借鉴意义。

The heat pump system is also known as the residual heat recovering system ,which utilizes some ＂driving energy＂ , such as fuel gas,steam,or hot water,to extract low-grade energy at temperatures from 20- 70℃ in the form of geothermal water,cooling water,wash water,or oily sewage and then to transmit the en- ergy into high and medium-temperature heating medium at temperatures of 45-100℃.While using low-grade energy ,the heat pump system consumes only a small amount of electric power and is therefore very energy efficient.China began using heat pump technology on a large scale in the 1990s and is now at the forefront in heat pump manufacture,installation,and operation scale.Heat pump technology,in terms of both compression heat pumps and absorption heat pumps ,and equipment and system ,has matured.The heating temperature of a heat pump unti usually ranges from 45-100℃ and the COP （coefficient of performance） has also reached a fairly high level.Substantial progress has been made in manufacturing both very small and very large heat pump units.These units have been widely used in building,stoving,petrochemical,medicine,and road building sectors.In order to analyze the application of heat pump technology in oilfeild water injection stations,this ar- ticle describes the birth,development,and working principles of heat pumps as well as their application in water injection stations.With the emphasis on initial capital investment,operating cost,labor cost,social bene- fits,fresh water saving,and present value of 10-year costs,the article compares the heat pump cooling tech- nology and conventional cooling technology for use in water injection stations and summarizes the advantages of heat pump technology in this application,including raising the heat efficiency of a water injection station system ,reducing operating cost,and cutting down on waste gas and residual heat discharges from the heating process of a heating furnace.These conclusions can be used to guide the application of heat pump technology in the water injection station of the Daqing Oilfield.