经济民俗学:探索认同性经济的轨迹——兼论非遗生产性保护的本质属性

Economic Folklore: To Explore the Trace of Identity Economy

民俗经济是指与民俗活动相关的经济,它包括与民俗直接关联之衣食住行与生老病死类的商品生产与消费,也包括民俗演艺及民间文艺转化而来的文化创意产品的生产与消费;此外,民俗经济也指因民俗活动的开展而带来的特别消费。民俗经济是一种认同性经济,它是历史形成的重要经济与文化资源之一。中国民俗经济体量巨大,生态功能与文化功能很强,其对于中国经济转型具有十分重要的意义。中国民俗经济资源需要一次大规模的普查,建立资料库以为开发之用;政治文化与制度文化对于民俗消费习俗的影响至关重要,民俗经济对于文化传承与文化认同具有非同寻常的意义;消费习俗是经济的核心驱动力之一,民俗生态对于经济发展存在综合关联。总之,经济民俗学是一个庞大的知识体系,有待系统的理论建设。当下而言,经济民俗学对非物质文化遗产保护也有诸多有益的启示。

Folklore economy is very prosperous in today's China,but economic folklore hasn't been started until the late 20thcentury and has merely focuses on the arrangement of general resources of folklore economy. Economic folklore and folklore economy,as the basic object of economic folklore,are two important categories,between which there are both distinctions and connections. A large-scale investigation of Chinese folklore economy resources is required in order to build a database for the development of such resources. Political and institutional culture has a crucial impact on folklore consumption custom. Folklore economy is very significant to cultural continuity and identity. Consumption custom constitutes one of the core driving forces for economy. Folklore ecology is comprehensively related to the development of economy. As an enormous knowledge system,economic folklore requires a systemic construction. As for the productive protection of intangible heritage,which is a cultural focus in recent years,we should go beyond the simple perspective of production and solve the survival predicament of traditional intangible heritage by constructing culture identity so as to effectively promote the benign development of intangible heritage.