待之以无待 悠悠任天常——熊十力晚年“外王学”的启示

Inspiration of Xiong Shi-li's“Outer King” Teachings in His Late Years

熊十力先生被公认是中国现代哲学史上最具原创性的哲学家,然学界之研究率皆集中于其"新唯识论"的形上学体系。至于其外王之学,则被多数学者视为歪曲经典以为己用(台湾),甚至是空想社会主义(大陆)。然先生自述:"上天以斯文属余,遭时屯难,余忍无述?"先生身处易代鼎革之际,目睹故国之沉沦,"文化神州丧一身",岂能无感?遂发而为其外王之学,俱见于《读经示要》、《原儒》、《论六经》等书。本文以其外王学为出发点,并以张光直所提出之"连续与破裂"为线索,试图为"中国为何未能开展出民主?"这一从"五四"以来一直困扰中国知识分子的问题提供一种解释。

XINOG Shi-li is widely recognized as the most genuine philosopher in modern China. But the scholars focus mostly on his metaphysics of Neo-Vijnanavada. On the contrary, his teaching of ＂outer king＂ is often considered as to distort the classics to suit his own teaching （scholars in Taiwan）, or even as utopian socialism （scholars in mainland）. He said： ＂The Heaven gives me the mission of holding the tradition as my mandate. Could I just say nothing in so dark an epoch？＂ As he lived in a transition period, he viewed the decline of fatherland. Therefore, his mood can be described as ＂Chinese culture would come to an end in this life＂, and this makes him reflect about the cause for it. The results are his works： ＂Indications on Reading the Classics＂, ＂Originating the Confucianism＂, ＂On the Six Classics＂. We take his teaching of ＂outer king＂ as the start point, and ＂Continuity and Rupture＂ submitted by ZHANG Guang-Zhi as the clue, trying to elucidate the problem： ＂Why democracy could not be developed in China？＂ which entangled the Chinese intellectuals since the May- Fourth Movement.