阳明“四句教”出处辑考

Provenance of Wang Yangming's Four-Sentence Teaching

四句教在阳明学史上的表述,如果以当事人及其同时代的知情人为范围,可辑出9种文献:《传习录下》;《(阳明)年谱三》;《天泉证道纪》;《钱绪山行状》;《龙溪会语·东游问答》;《讣告同门》;《青原赠处》;《宵练匣·稽山承语》;《龙溪王先生传》。前六种属于当事人系列,后三种属于知情人系列。有三种辑自《王阳明全集》,四种辑自《王畿集》,显示出钱德洪、王畿在四句教的成立及其传播过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。"具体作者"从尊孔孟、辟佛老的角度议论四句教,但超越正统、异端之争的"抽象作者"更值得人们期待。

In the history of Wang Yangming study, there are nine literatures concerning his ＂four-sentence teaching＂： Chuanxi Record,Chronicle of Wang Yangming III, Enlightenment in Tianquan, A Profile of Qian Xushan, Conversations in Longxi： Questions and Answers on the Journey to the East, Obituary Notice to Classmates, Words of Advice Given in Qingyuan, Box Containing the Sword of Xiaolian.Teacher＇s Advices, and Biography of Mr. Wang Born in Longxi, among whom the first six ones were recorded by concerned parties, while the last three persons in the know. Three literatures were collected from Complete Works of Wang Yangming, four were from Collected Works of Wang Ji, which suggested that Qian Dehong and Wang Ji played important roles in the establishment and propagation of four-sentence teaching. The penners discussed four-sentence teaching from the perspective of pro-Confucius and Mencius and anti-Buddhism and Daoism, however, those ＂abstract writers＂ whose discussion went beyond battle of the orthodox and heterodoxy are more worth noting.