大学新生工作:美国实践与本土设计

First-year Experience:Practice in American Universities and Designs in China

中美两国大学都比较重视一年级新生工作,有许多相同或相近的做法,但美国大学在体制机制、工作内容、时间分配等方面有许多值得借鉴之处。我国大学新生工作应确立职业规划、人际交往、能力提升和财政支持等四大目标;以开学为界,区分"向前延伸"和"向后拓展"两个阶段;构建适应与规划、交流与协作、学习能力与转学、财政支持等四大模块;采取直接评价和间接评价两种方法来考察大学新生工作的效果。

Both America and China attach great importance to the affairs related to college freshmen and they have much in common in this respect. Still, some American practices are worth learning from in such aspects as administrative system and mechanism, work content and time allocation. The col- lege freshmen affairs in Chinese universities should set up four goals： career programming, interper- sonal communication, ability improvement and financial support. The time of enrollment delineates two stages： One is pre-enrollment stage and the other is post-enrollment stage. Four modules should be built up to meet the needs of career programming, communication and cooperation, learning and transferring and financial support. Both direct and indirect evaluation can be applied to the effect of college freshmen affairs.